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托福听力中的举例

来源:网络 2017-09-06 编辑:朗阁小编 雅思托福0元试学

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在托福听力考试中举例子会涉及到什么样的考点呢?通常举例时要么考察举例子的目的要么考察举例子的内容,总体来说前者考察相对较多,下面朗阁小编就来谈谈这个考点。

托福听力考试中举例子会涉及到什么样的考点呢?通常举例时要么考察举例子的目的要么考察举例子的内容,总体来说前者考察相对较多,下面朗阁小编就来谈谈这个考点。

 

考点一:举例通常是为了引证某一观点,这时会考察举例的目的,我们需要在听音时搞清楚例子和文章的例证关系。

 

当考察到例证关系时,部分文章会在论点之后直接提到一些表示举例的信号词,例如for example, for instance, 例如TPO4 Lecture1中的第五题:

 

Why does the professor mention the wood thrush?

A. To contrast its displacement activities with those of other animals species.

B. To explain that some animals display displacement activities other than grooming

C. To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the environment.

D. To five an example of an animal that does not display displacement activities.

 

原文当中的例证关系相当清晰,不仅在开头清晰的陈述了论点,举例之后还做了总结:

 

原文的论点是What’s interesting is thatstudies have been done that suggest that the animal’s environment may play apart in determining what kind of behavior it displays.

 

举例是For example, there’s a bird, the ‘wood thrush’, anyway, when the ‘wood thrush’ is in an attack-escapeconflict, that is, it’s caught between the two urges to escape from or to attackan enemy, if it’s sitting on a horizontal branch, it’ll wipe its beak on its perch. Ifit’s sitting on a vertical branch, it’ll groom its breast feathers.

 

总结是The immediateenvironment of the bird, its immediate, um, its relationship to its immediateenvironment seems to play a part in which behavior will display.

 

所以如果在做这道题目时,我们对举例这个考点有充分的认识,是不难得出题目的正确选项的,即例子中详细阐述wood thrush在水平的枝头和垂直的枝头的不同行为是为了*动物的环境会决定动物的行为。所以答案选C. To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the environment.

 

但是并不是所有的题目在考察举例这个考点的时候都会有非常明显的举例信号词,所以同学们在做题过程中一定要将这个考点牢记于心,听到教授或者学生谈及观点并给出例子的时候,注意将例子和论点配对。

 

我们以TPO13 Conversation1中的例题为例,第三题考察的是对话当*生举出的一个例子,出题部分没有明显表示举例的信号词,导致同学们没有注意到这个考点,并将这个例子错误的和后面提到的论点搭配到了一起。

 

Why does the student mention a child playing with a toy car?

A. To identify a behavior that would show a child’s imagination developing

B. To identify a behavior that might illustrate egocentric thinking

C. To give an example of a behavior he has observed

D. To give an example of a behavior he would not need to describe

 

有很多同学都没有预料到这里会考察toy car这个例子,精听能力较弱的同学甚至没有听到这个例子,所以导致做题时只能随便蒙一个。在这里我们需要注意,原文当中教授向学生解释了完成作业的三个步骤之后,学生要求教授举个例子,教授就以自己四岁的女儿为例,进行了如下对话:

 

Professor:Well, en, if you observed a 4 year-old child, for example, my daughter is 4years old; you might read up on Jean Piaget stage of cognitive development wecovered those in class.

Student:Aha…

Professor:And most likely, what stage would a child of that age be in?

Student:Um… the pre-operational stage?

 

教授的四岁女儿在皮亚杰的认知发展理论中正好对应的是前运算阶段,即原文所说的the pre-operational stage, 按照我们对于举例子的常规题目的理解,可能题目会问你为什么教授要用自己的女儿来举例子,但是这里并没有考察这个问题,而是教授说明该阶段他的女儿会具备的基本特征之后,学生回应所举的例子,考察学生举例的目的,这里就需要我们能够听懂例子,并将例子和论点对应起来,原文描述如下:

 

Professor:Exactly, if that’s the case, her languages used to be maturing and her memoryand imagination would be developed.

Student:So she might play pretend like she can pretend when driving her toy car acrossa couch that the couch is actually a bridge or something.

Professor:That is right. In addition, her thinking would be primarily egocentric.

Student:So she would be thinking mostly about herself and her own needs, and mightnot be able to see things from anyone else perspective.

 

原文中教授提到了处于前运算阶段的女儿会出现语言成熟,记忆力和想象力发展的状态。学生就举了一个小女孩可能会在沙发上玩玩具车并假装沙发是一座桥的例子,这道题的难点就在于很多同学不太能听懂例子的内容,而文章后面部分紧接着提出了egocentric这个概念,所以导致同学们会误以为正确选项是B. To identify a behavior that might illustrate egocentric thinking。而学生后续的回答说小朋友可能只会考虑自己,不能从别人的观点看问题,这里才是对egocentric这个定义的解释,而toy car的例子对应的是想象力发展这个点。所以正确选项应该是A. To identify a behavior that would show a child’s imagination developing。

 

考点二:考察对举例内容的理解,是否能够听懂举例的内容,这会对同学们的精听能力有更进一步的考察。

 

例如TPO15Conversation 2的第三题,题目如下:

What did the woman study in her laboratory project?

A. The best methods for preserving samples of onion cells.

B. The differences between onion cells and other plant cells.

C. The process of cell division in an onion.

D. The different ways that onion cells can be diagrammed.

 

原文描述如下:Well, you didn't do badly on the exam, but I agree it did not reflect yourpotential. I say this because your work on the lab project was exemplary.I was so impressed with the way you handle the microscope and thesamples of onion cells, and with how carefully you observed anddiagramed and interpreted each stage of cell division. And I don't thinkyou could have done that if you hadn't read and understood the chapter.I mean it seemed like you really had a good understanding of it.

 

文章中老师为了*学生在考试中没有完全体现出自己的实力是因为平时实验表现非常好,所以很多同学都认为这里出题可能会考察举例子的目的,而这里却意外考察了实验的举例内容,让很多同学觉得措手不及。如果我们平时对于举例这个出题点认识比较全面,了解举例这个出题点会考察目的和内容两个方面,就不难得出这道题目的答案应该是:C. The process of cell division in an onion。

 

通过对以上三道例题的讲解,希望同学们能够对于托福听力中的举例考点有更全面的认识,注意在听音过程中题库该考点,并把握住举例的目的和内容两个出题重点。

 

如果还有什么疑问,可以在线咨询我们的老师。

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